Synthesis and characterization of Ce-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles and their enhanced anticancer activity in Y79 retinoblastoma cancer cells

Abstract Rare earth metal cerium-doped titania nanoparticles (titanium dioxide [TiO 2 ]) were produced utilizing a low-cost and straightforward sol–gel technique, its enhanced photodynamic anticancer activity was tested on Y79 retinoblastoma cancer cells. The structural, optical, morphological, activity, cytotoxicity of pure TiO (Ce-doped ) investigated. In X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, apparent doping cerium in detected, with reported anatase patterns shifting toward lower angle the structure. Raman spectra verify presence by revealing greater wave number shifting. scanning electron microscope (SEM) transmission (TEM) analysis showed that synthesized Ce-doped nearly spherical. studied for their activities, results suggest improves activity.